Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!thetimes.pixel.kodak.com!news.kodak.com!news.sprintlink.net!news-pen-16.sprintlink.net!news.etcfiber.net!pjm-gate.pjm.com!dsinc!netnews.upenn.edu!news-xfer.netaxs.com!tezcat!cam-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!cpk-news-hub1.bbnplanet.com!news.bbnplanet.com!newsxfer3.itd.umich.edu!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!aanews.merit.net!branch.com!news.bizserve.com!news From: brad@etext.org Newsgroups: comp.mail.sendmail,comp.mail.misc,comp.answers,news.answers Subject: comp.mail.sendmail Frequently Asked Questions (Part 2 of 2) Followup-To: comp.mail.sendmail Date: 27 Apr 1997 04:57:53 GMT Organization: The ETEXT Archives Lines: 1446 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Distribution: world Expires: 06/01/97 01:00:01 Message-ID: <5jumch$i1l@kahuna.bizserve.com> Reply-To: sendmail-faq@etext.org (Sendmail FAQ Maintainers) NNTP-Posting-Host: locust.etext.org Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions (and their answers) about the program "sendmail", distributed with many versions of Unix. It should be read by anyone who wishes to post to the Usenet newsgroup comp.mail.sendmail. Keywords: sendmail mail SMTP FAQ X-Posting-Frequency: posted on the 27th of each month Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.mail.sendmail:43555 comp.mail.misc:39333 comp.answers:25606 news.answers:100741 Posted-By: auto-faq 3.1.1.2 Archive-name: mail/sendmail-faq/part2 URL: http://www.his.com/~brad/sendmail/index.html comp.mail.sendmail Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Last updated March 24, 1997 Copyright 1996, by Brad Knowles, all rights reserved This FAQ is edited and maintained by Brad Knowles . The official archive for all FAQs posted to is , with many known mirrors. On this site, the latest version of this FAQ can be found in . Since this server tends to be extremely busy, as an alternative, you might want to try using and instead. If you don't have access to FTP or WWW, this FAQ can be retrieved by sending Internet email to with an empty subject line (it gets ignored) and the command "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq/part*" as the body of the message (omitting the quotes, of course). As an alternative, you might want to try sending Internet email to with an empty subject line (it gets ignored) and "send sendmail-faq-*" as the body of the body of the message (again, omitting the quotes). Additional alternative access methods are detailed within. This FAQ is in RFC 1153 digest format. The "Date:" field of each entry represents the date of the last update made to that entry. This FAQ has now been split into two parts, to try and make it easier to pass through older or less capable news or mail gateways. The intent is to ultimately make this document more web-friendly (in that all original work is done in SGML), and using the linuxdoc-sgml tools, automatically generate both the HTML and ASCII text versions, automatically posting the ASCII version to comp.mail.sendmail as appropriate. In the meanwhile, all pseudo-HTMLized versions of this FAQ are considered unsupported. We cannot be held responsible for what someone else's program does to this document in an attempt to make it more web-friendly. Nevertheless, the Landfield Hypertext Usenet FAQ Archive seems to work well, and if you must access the comp.mail.sendmail FAQ via the web, try slinging over to . Comments/updates should be sent to . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: March 24, 1997 Subject: Table of Contents Table of Contents ================= PART ONE ======== 0. TO DO 1. COPYRIGHT NOTICE / REDISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS 2. INTRODUCTION / MISCELLANEOUS 2.1 What is this newsgroup? 2.2 What is the scope of this FAQ? 2.3 Where can I find the latest version of this FAQ? 2.4 How do I access comp.mail.sendmail by email? 2.5 Where can I ask email-related DNS questions? 2.6 How can I subscribe to these newsgroups? 2.7 Which version of sendmail should I run? 2.8 What is the latest release of sendmail? 2.9 Where can I find it? 2.10 What are the differences between Version 8 and other versions? 2.11 What's the best platform for running sendmail? 2.12 What is BIND and where can I get the latest version? 2.13 What is smrsh and where can I get it? 2.14 What is smap and where can I get it? 2.15 What is TCP-Wrappers and where can I get it? 2.16 Why won't db 1.85 build for my SGI running Irix >= 5.2? 2.17 What is makemap and where can I get it? 3. VERSION 8 SPECIFIC ISSUES 3.1 How do I make all my addresses appear to be from a single host? 3.2 How do I rewrite my "From:" lines to read ``First_Last@My.Domain''? 3.3 So what was the user database feature intended for? 3.4 Why are you so hostile to using full names for email addresses? 3.5 Where do I find this user database (UserDB) code? 3.6 How do I get the user database to work with Pine or with FEATURE(always_add_domain)? 3.7 How do I manage several (virtual) domains? 3.8 There are four UUCP mailers listed in the configuration files. Which one should I use? 3.9 How do I fix "undefined symbol inet_aton" and "undefined symbol _strerror" messages? 3.10 How do I solve "collect: I/O error on connection" errors? 3.11 Why can't my users forward their mail to a program? 3.12 Why do connections to the SMTP port take such a long time? 3.13 Why do I get "unknown mailer error 5 -- mail: options MUST PRECEDE recipients" errors? 3.14 Why does version 8 sendmail panic my SunOS box? 3.15 Why does the "From " header gets mysteriously munged when I send to an alias? 3.16 Why doesn't MASQUERADE_AS (or the user database) work for envelope addresses as well as header addresses? 3.17 How do I run version 8 sendmail and support the MAIL11V3 protocol? 3.18 Why do messages disappear from my queue unsent? 3.19 When is sendmail going to support RFC 1522 MIME header encoding? 3.20 Why can't I get mail to some places, but instead always get the error "reply: read error from name.of.remote.host"? 3.21 Why doesn't "FEATURE(xxx)" work? 3.22 How do I configure sendmail to not use DNS? 3.23 How do I get all my queued mail delivered to my Unix box from my ISP? PART TWO ======== 4. GENERAL SENDMAIL ISSUES 4.1 Should I use a wildcard MX for my domain? 4.2 How can I set up an auto-responder? 4.3 How can I get sendmail to deliver local mail to $HOME/.mail instead of into /usr/spool/mail (or /usr/mail)? 4.4 Why does it deliver the mail interactively when I'm trying to get it to go into queue only mode? 4.5 How can I solve "config error: mail loops back to myself" messages? 4.6 Why does my sendmail process sometimes hang when connecting over a SLIP/PPP link? 4.7 How can I summarize the statistics generated by sendmail in the syslog? 4.8 How can I check my sendmail.cf to ensure that it's re-writing addresses correctly? 4.9 What is procmail, and where can I get it? 4.10 How can I solve "cannot alias non-local names" errors? 5. VENDOR/OS SPECIFIC SENDMAIL ISSUES 5.1 Sun Microsystems SunOS/Solaris 1.x/2.x 5.1.1 How can I solve "line 273: replacement $3 out of bounds" errors? 5.1.2 How can I solve "line 445: bad ruleset 96 (50 max)" errors? 5.1.3 Why does version 8 sendmail (< 8.7.5) sometimes hang under Solaris 2.5? 5.1.4 Why can't I use SunOS/Solaris to get email to certain large sites? 5.2 IBM AIX 5.2.1 The system resource controller always reports sendmail as "inoperative". What's wrong? 5.2.2 Why can't I use AIX to get email to some sites? 5.2.3 Why can't I get sendmail 8.7.1 to use MX records with AIX 3.2.5? 6. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SOURCES (RFC 1807 bibliography format) 6.1 Reference material devoted exlusively to sendmail 6.2 Reference material with chapters or sections on sendmail 6.3 Reference material on subjects related to sendmail 6.4 World-wide web index pages on sendmail 6.5 World-wide web index pages Internet email in general 6.6 Online tutorials for sendmail 6.7 Online archives of mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups, relating to Internet email 7. THANKS! ------------------------------ Date: July 9, 1996 Subject: Q4.1 -- Should I use a wildcard MX for my domain? If at all possible, no. Wildcard MX records have lots of semantic "gotcha"s. For example, they will match a host "unknown.your.domain" -- if you don't explicitly test for unknown hosts in your domain, you will get "config error: mail loops back to myself". See RFCs 1535, 1536, and 1912 (updates RFC 1537) for more detail and other related (or common) problems. See also _DNS and BIND_ by Albitz and Liu. They can also cause your system to add your domain to outgoing FQDNs in a desperate attempt to get the mail to where it's supposed to go, but because *.your.domain is valid due to the wildcard MX, delivery to not.real.domain.your.domain will get dumped on you, and you may even find yourself in a loop as the domain keeps getting tacked on time after time after time (the "config error: mail loops back to myself" problem). Wildcard MX records are just a bad idea, plain and simple. They don't work the way you'd expect, and virtually no one gets them right. Avoid them at all costs. ------------------------------ Date: March 23, 1996 Subject: Q4.2 -- How can I set up an auto-responder? This is a local mailer issue, not a sendmail issue. Depending on what you're doing, look at procmail (see Q4.9), ftpmail, or Majordomo. The latest version of Majordomo can be found at . It is written in Perl and requires either Perl 4.036, and appears to run with only minor tweaks under 5.001a or later. Make sure to check out the web interface for Majordomo called "Mailserv" at or "LWGate" at . The latest versions of Perl (both 4.x and 5.x) can be found in . More information about Perl can be found at The latest version of ftpmail can be found at or any comp.sources.misc archive (volume 37). ------------------------------ Date: July 9, 1996 Subject: Q4.3 -- How can I get sendmail to deliver local mail to $HOME/.mail instead of into /usr/spool/mail (or /usr/mail)? Again, this is a local mailer issue, not a sendmail issue. Either modify your local mailer (source code will be required) or change the program called in the "local" mailer configuration description to be a new program that does this local delivery. One program that is capable of doing this is procmail (see Q4.9), although there are probably many others as well. You might be interested in reading the paper ``HLFSD: Delivering Email to your $HOME'' available in the Proceedings of the USENIX System Administration (LISA VII) Conference (November 1993). More information is at , while the actual archive of the papers is at (tar archive, gzip'ed). ------------------------------ Date: March 23, 1996 Subject: Q4.4 -- Why does it deliver the mail interactively when I'm trying to get it to go into queue only mode? Or, I'm trying to use the "don't deliver to expensive mailer" flag, and it delivers the mail interactively anyway. I can see it does it: here's the output of "sendmail -v foo@somehost" (or Mail -v or equivalent). The -v flag to sendmail (which is implied by the -v flag to Mail and other programs in that family) tells sendmail to watch the transaction. Since you have explicitly asked to see what's going on, it assumes that you do not want to to auto-queue, and turns that feature off. Remove the -v flag and use a "tail -f" of the log instead to see what's going on. If you are trying to use the "don't deliver to expensive mailer" flag (mailer flag "e"), be sure you also turn on global option "c" -- otherwise it ignores the mailer flag. ------------------------------ Date: January 17, 1997 Subject: Q4.5 -- How can I solve "config error: mail loops back to myself" messages? I'm getting these error messages: 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself 554 ... Local configuration error How can I solve this problem? You have asked mail to the domain (e.g., domain.net) to be forwarded to a specific host (in this case, relay.domain.net) by using an MX record, but the relay machine doesn't recognize itself as domain.net. Add domain.net to /etc/sendmail.cw (if you are using FEATURE(use_cw_file)) or add "Cw domain.net" to your configuration file. IMPORTANT: When making changes to your configuration file, be sure you kill and restart the sendmail daemon (for ANY change in the configuration, not just this one): kill `head -1 /etc/sendmail.pid` sh -c "`tail -1 /etc/sendmail.pid`" NOTA BENE: kill -1 does not work with versions prior to 8.7.y! With version 8.8.z sendmail, if the daemon was started up with a full pathname (i.e., "/usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q13m"), then you should be able to send it a HUP signal ("kill -1", or more safely, "kill -HUP") and have it reload itself (version 8.7.y sendmail cannot do this safely, and represents a security risk if it's not replaced with version 8.8.3 or later). ------------------------------ Date: March 23, 1996 Subject: Q4.6 -- Why does my sendmail process sometimes hang when connecting over a SLIP/PPP link? I'm connected to the network via a SLIP/PPP link. Sometimes my sendmail process hangs (although it looks like part of the message has been transfered). Everything else works. What's wrong? Most likely, the problem isn't sendmail at all, but the low level network connection. It's important that the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) for the SLIP connection be set properly at both ends. If they disagree, large packets will be trashed and the connection will hang. ------------------------------ Date: November 24, 1996 Subject: Q4.7 -- How can I summarize the statistics generated by sendmail in the syslog? This question is addressed on page 319 of _sendmail_ by Bryan Costales. An updated version of this syslog-stat.pl script (so that it understands the log format used in version 8 sendmail) is at . The updated version of ssl has been uploaded to the SMTP Resources Directory (in ), as well as . There is also another program (written by Bryan Beecher) at . If you're interested in summarizing POP statistics, there is , also written by Bryan Beecher. To see what else is available today, check the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network or for the site nearest you. For the scripts themselves, look under CPAN/scripts/mailstuff/ at any CPAN site. For more information, see the comp.lang.perl.* FAQs at or . There is also the "Sendmail Statistics Project" which has a web page at . Although they have examples online of what the output might look like, it now appears that this project is either dead or at least indefinitely on hold. Still, you may be able to talk to the authors in order to get what code from them you can. If you're interested in using these kinds of tools to help you do some near real-time monitoring of your system, you might be interested in MEWS (Mail Early Warning System). From the README: If you've ever written a perl script to parse sendmail log files looking for errors, MEWS might be of interest to you. If you've ever thought about writing a perl script to munge sendmail log files, cringed a little and hurriedly came up with an excuse not to do it, read on. If you don't have a Solaris 2.5 machine, you can probably stop reading here. The Mail Early Warning System (MEWS) gives postmasters immediate notification of trouble spots on your mail backbone. It only works with sendmail. To explain it in a nutshell, whenever sendmail returns a 4xx or 5xx SMTP code, with the MEWS modifications, it also sends the code over UDP to a daemon which then replays the error message to interested parties. The man pages go into a little bit more detail. If this sounds like something you might be interested in getting more details about, you can find the MEWS archive at . ------------------------------ Date: July 9, 1996 Subject: Q4.8 -- How can I check my sendmail.cf to ensure that it's re-writing addresses correctly? The recommended program for this is "checksendmail" by Rob Kolstad. Old versions of this are available on various archive sites, but currently, the only way to get the most recent version (which has been updated to understand version 8.7 long option name syntax, as well as now supporting both Perl 4.x and Perl 5.x) is from Rob himself. The latest archive will be made publicly available (most likely through the SMTPRD run by Andras Salamon; see Q6.5, entry sendmail-faq//online/index/14) as soon as it is received. ------------------------------ Date: July 9, 1996 Subject: Q4.9 -- What is procmail, and where can I get it? The program "procmail" is a replacement for the local mailer (variously called /bin/mail, /usr/bin/mail, mail.local, rmail, etc...). It has been ported to run on virtually every OS you're likely to run into, and has a whole host of features. It is typically about 30% faster performing the job of the local mailer than programs such as /bin/mail or /usr/bin/mail, it has been hammered on widely to make it extremely secure (much more so than most local mailers) and very robust. Procmail is also capable of helping you put a quota on a user's mailbox through the standard Unix quota mechanism (see Q4.3). In short, whatever you've got, you're almost guaranteed that procmail is better (if nothing else, the author has been able to focus lots of time and energy into making it the best and fastest tool available, while most system vendors just throw something together as fast as they can and move on to the whole rest of the OS). However, this only begins to scratch the surface of what procmail is capable of. It's most important feature is the fact that it gives you a standard way to create rules (procmail calls them "recipes") to process your mail before the messages get put into your mailbox, and for that feature alone, it is one of the most important tools any administrator can have in their repertoire. By filtering out or automatically dealing with 80% of your daily cruft, it lets you spend more time on the hard 20%. Note that recent releases of version 8 sendmail natively support using procmail as an alternate local mailer (see "FEATURE(local_procmail)" for version 8.7 and above). They also support procmail as an additional local mailer, if you're concerned about flat-out replacing your current local mailer with procmail (see "MAILER(procmail)" in version 8.7 and above). You can also install procmail as a user and run it out of your .forward file, although this tends to be a bit slower and less efficient. The latest version of procmail can be found at . Procmail is also the core to a mailing list management package called "SmartList", so if you've already got procmail, adding SmartList may be a good option. Some listowners prefer Majordomo, Listserv, or one of those other programs, but SmartList has more than a few adherents as well. Your personal tastes will dictate whether you swear by SmartList or at it. ------------------------------ Date: March 24, 1997 Subject: Q4.10 -- How can I solve "cannot alias non-local names" errors? I upgraded from my vendor's sendmail to the latest version and now I'm getting these error messages when I run "newaliases": /etc/aliases: line 13: MAILER-DAEMON... cannot alias non-local names /etc/aliases: line 14: postmaster... cannot alias non-local names How can I solve this problem? Your local mailer doesn't have the "A" flag specified. Edit the Mlocal line in sendmail.cf and add "A" to the flags listed after "F=". Better yet, if you're running a recent version of sendmail that uses m4 to generate .cf files from .mc files, regenerate your sendmail.cf and see if that fixes the problem. Remember to install the new sendmail.cf and restart the sendmail daemon. ------------------------------ Date: March 23, 1996 Subject: Q5.1.1 -- How can I solve "line 273: replacement $3 out of bounds" errors? When I use sendmail V8 with a Sun config file I get lines like: /etc/sendmail.cf: line 273: replacement $3 out of bounds the line in question reads: R$*<@$%y>$* $1<@$2.LOCAL>$3 user@ether what does this mean? How do I fix it? V8 doesn't recognize the Sun "$%y" syntax, so as far as it is concerned, there is only a $1 and a $2 (but no $3) in this line. Read Rick McCarty's paper on "Converting Standard Sun Config Files to Sendmail Version 8", in the contrib directory (file "converting.sun.configs") in the latest version 8 sendmail distribution for a full discussion of how to do this. ------------------------------ Date: March 23, 1996 Subject: Q5.1.2 -- How can I solve "line 445: bad ruleset 96 (50 max)" errors? When I use sendmail V8 on a Sun, I sometimes get lines like: /etc/sendmail.cf: line 445: bad ruleset 96 (50 max) what does this mean? How do I fix it? You're somehow trying to start up the old Sun sendmail (or sendmail.mx) with a version 8 sendmail config file, which Sun's sendmail doesn't like. Check your /etc/rc.local, any procedures that have been created to stop and re-start the sendmail processes, etc.... Make sure that you've switched everything over to using the new sendmail. To keep this problem from ever happening again, try the following (make sure you're logged in as root): mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.old ln -s /usr/local/lib/sendmail.v8 /usr/lib/sendmail mv /usr/lib/sendmail.mx /usr/lib/sendmail.mx.old ln -s /usr/local/lib/sendmail.v8 /usr/lib/sendmail.mx chmod 0000 /usr/lib/sendmail.old chmod 0000 /usr/lib/sendmail.mx.old Assuming, of course, that you have installed sendmail V8 in /usr/local/lib/sendmail.v8. ------------------------------ Date: May 23, 1996 Subject: Q5.1.3 -- Why does version 8 sendmail (< 8.7.5) sometimes hang under Solaris 2.5? In moving from Solaris 2.4 to Solaris 2.5, the kernel changed its name and is now in /kernel/genunix instead of /kernel/unix, so _PATH_UNIX in conf.h is pointing to the wrong place. If you can't upgrade to the latest release of sendmail 8.8.z, the next best thing to do is change _PATH_UNIX in conf.h (in the solaris2 part) to point to the generic interface /dev/ksyms, like so: # define _PATH_UNIX "/dev/ksyms" ------------------------------ Date: November 24, 1996 Subject: Q5.1.4 -- Why can't I use SunOS/Solaris to get email to certain large sites? This is most likely a problem in your resolver libraries (DNS, /etc/hosts, NIS, etc...). Older Sun (and Solaris?) resolver libraries allocated enough room for only five IP addresses for each host name, and if any program ever ran across a name with more than five IP addresses for it, the program would crash. For example, this would keep you from getting mail to CompuServe, since (at the time of this writing) they list eleven IP addresses for mx1.compuserve.com (one of the named MXes for compuserve.com). This will affect you even if you use version 8 sendmail, since it's a problem in the resolver libraries, and not in sendmail itself. You should either get patches to the resolver libraries from Sun, or the latest version of BIND (see Q2.12) and install their resolver library routines. Between the two, installing BIND is a bit more work, but it typically gives you much more up-to-date code to help you resist attacks to your systems, more capable programs to be used for serving the DNS (including support for IPv6 and several other features), and some very useful utility programs. ------------------------------ Date: July 5, 1996 Subject: Q5.2.1 -- The system resource controller always reports sendmail as "inoperative". What's wrong? When I use version 8 sendmail on an IBM RS/6000 running AIX, the system resource controller always reports sendmail as "inoperative", even though it's actually running. What's wrong? When running as a daemon, sendmail detaches from its parent process, fooling the SRC into thinking that sendmail has exited. To fix this, issue the commands: kill `head -1 /etc/sendmail.pid` chssys -s sendmail -f 9 -n 15 -S -a "-d99.100" # use "-d0.1" in sendmail 8.6.x startsrc -s sendmail -a "-bd -q30m" # your sendmail args may vary Now the SRC should report the correct status of sendmail. If you are using version 8.6.x, use "-d0.1" instead of "-d99.100" (the debug options changed somewhat in version 8.7). In 8.6.x a side-effect of the "-d0.1" option is that a few lines of debug output will be printed on the system console every time sendmail starts up. For more information, read up on the System Resource Controller, the lssrc command and the chssys command in the online AIX documentation. ------------------------------ Date: May 23, 1996 Subject: Q5.2.2 -- Why can't I use AIX to get email to some sites? When I use IBM's sendmail on an IBM RS/6000 running AIX trying to get to certain sites, it seems that I can get to some of them and not others. What's wrong? There are two possible problems here: 1) Your version of sendmail is not configured to recognize MX records in the DNS. Search through your sendmail.cf looking for "OK MX" or "OK ALL". Older configurations had this line commented out, and this will cause mail from you to some sites to fail (because those sites have MX records, but no A records in their DNS for the specific Fully Qualified Domain Name you're trying to mail to). For more information, see the comp.unix.aix FAQ . 2) There is a negative caching bug in AIX 3.2.5 with /usr/sbin/named executables that are less than 103000 bytes long. Ask your IBM representative to give you PMP 3251, or the most recent patch that fixes this problem for your particular configuration and version of the OS. ------------------------------ Date: July 5, 1996 Subject: Q5.2.3 -- Why can't I get sendmail 8.7.1 to use MX records with AIX 3.2.5? IBM, in their infinite wisdom, provided a header file that would easily mis-compile. This resulted in the struct{} for the DNS query to be mis-allocated, and MX processing would barf. Fix 1) upgrade to 8.7.5 - this has a code fix for this problem. Fix 2) Install the BIND 4.9.4 libraries and include files and tweak the Makefile.AIX to use them - I *think* these Get It Right (if not, at least it'll die during compile rather than failing weirdly at runtime). Fix 3) Hack Makefile.AIX to pass a -DBIT_ZERO_ON_LEFT to cause the headers to use the right #ifdefs. ------------------------------ Date: January 21, 1997 Subject: Q6 -- Additional information sources This probably isn't in strict RFC 1807 format, but I'm getting closer. Unfortunately, the format detailed in RFC 1807 was never intended to be used in this fashion, so I'm doing a bit of square-peg fitting into round holes. Note that the publisher ids that I've assigned should not be misconstrued to imply that I have actually published all these documents, it's just that I need some sort of reasonable entry for the RFC 1807 "ID" field, and in lieu of information to the contrary indicating what the actual publishers have registered, I have assigned my own, independant, "third-party" IDs. Hopefully, the bibliographic entries below make it obvious who the real publishers of the various documents are. 6.1 Reference material devoted exlusively to sendmail BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/reference/1 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference manual, available online in printable format REVISION:: January 21, 1997; Updated URL & mailing list info TITLE:: Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide AUTHOR:: Allman, Eric CONTACT:: Eric Allman InReference, Inc. NASA Ames Technology Commercialization Center 155-A Moffett Park Drive, Suite 104 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Phone: 1+408 541-7615 Fax: 1+408 734-4946 DATE:: November 19, 1995 PAGES:: 69 RETRIEVAL:: Contents of manual is in doc/op/op.ps of sendmail source archive KEYWORD:: version 8.7.5 sendmail LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: {g|n}roff "me" macro format version is in doc/op/op.me See: URL:http://www.sendmail.org/ ABSTRACT:: The documentation written by Eric Allman himself, comes with the sendmail distribution. The file in doc/op/op.me (nroff "me" macro format) may have a different number of pages depending on the type of device it is printed on, etc.... Eric provides his free consulting in the form of continuing development on sendmail, and occasional posts to comp.mail.sendmail. Please don't be so rude as to ask him to provide further free consulting directly to you. If you (or your company) is willing to compensate his for his consulting time, he may be willing to listen. At the very least, you should make sure you've exhausted all other courses of action before resorting to adding another message to the thousands he gets per day. Check the sendmail home page at for late-breaking updates and other useful information. If you want to be notified regarding future updates to sendmail and other items of potential interest, you may want to subscribe to the sendmail-announce mailing list. Address your subscription requests to "majordomo@lists.sendmail.org" with "subscribe sendmail-announce" as the body of the message. END:: sendmail-faq//online/reference/1 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-056-2 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 REVISION:: January 21, 1997; Updated info re: 2nd Ed. TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy TITLE:: sendmail AUTHOR:: Costales, Bryan AUTHOR:: Allman, Eric AUTHOR:: Rickert, Neil CONTACT:: Bryan Costales O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 103 Morris Street, Suite A Sebastapol, CA 95472 Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries) 800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders) 707-829-0515 (local/overseas) DATE:: November, 1993 PAGES:: 792 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1993 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/sendmail.html ABSTRACT:: The definitive reference for version 8 sendmail. At least three printings of first edition have come out, and the information above is for the first printing. As of yet, this book has not been updated to include versions of sendmail after 8.6.4. Bryan provides his consulting to the world in the form of his book, unless you're willing to compensate him for his services as well. Like Eric, you should make sure you've exhausted all other courses of action before you spend any of his valuable time. The second edition has now been published (focussing exclusively on version 8.8 sendmail), with an ISBN of 1-56592-222-0. It has been expanded to 1,050 pages long and expanded coverage of many new topics too numerous to name. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-056-2 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-55558-127-7 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy REVISION:: Sep 9, 1996; fixed typo TITLE:: Sendmail: Theory and Practice AUTHOR:: Avolio, Frederick M. AUTHOR:: Vixie, Paul A. CONTACT:: Fred Avolio , Paul Vixie Digital Press 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801, USA Ordering Info: voice 1 800 366 2665 fax 1 800 446 6520 DATE:: 1994 PAGES:: 262 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) by 1995 Butterworth-Heinemann LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.vix.com/vix/smtap/ ABSTRACT:: Centers more on IDA sendmail (at least partly because version 8 didn't exist when they began the book). Written more like a college Sophomore or Junior level textbook. While you'll probably never let the Costales book out of your grubby little hands (especially if you do much work with version 8 sendmail), this is a book you'll probably read once or maybe twice, learn some very valuable things, but then likely put on a shelf and not read or reference again (unless you have to write up a bibliographic entry for it). Makes a better introduction to sendmail for management types, especially if you don't want them getting their hands on too much "dangerous" technical information. Also a *lot* smaller and less imposing. If possible, I recommend getting both, but if you can only get one, get Costales unless you're going to be working exclusively with IDA sendmail, in which case Avolio & Vixie will probably be more useful. Note that Paul Vixie is extremely busy working on further development of BIND, the Internet de facto standard program for serving the DNS, upon which all Internet services depend, mail being only one of them. Like Eric and Bryan, he's also very busy. Unless you're willing to compensate him for his services, please let him get real work done. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-55558-127-7 6.2 Reference material with chapters or sections on sendmail BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-13-151051-7 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy REVISION:: May 23, 1996; Updated abstract. TITLE:: Unix System Administration Handbook, Second Edition AUTHOR:: Nemeth, Evi AUTHOR:: Snyder, Garth AUTHOR:: Seebass, Scott AUTHOR:: Hein, Trent R. CONTACT:: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 DATE:: January, 1995 PAGES:: 780 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1995 by Prentice Hall PTR LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.admin.com/ ABSTRACT:: Still the best hands-on Unix System Administration book around. Covers far more than just sendmail, but the sixty-four pages (pages 455-518 in the third printing) it does devote are very well written and quite useful. Also provides a version of Rob Kolstad's checksendmail script on the accompanying CD-ROM. Note that Eric Allman and Marshall Kirk McKusick wrote the Foreword for the Second Edition. This should give you at least an inkling as to how essential this book is, even for experienced Unix administrators. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-13-151051-7 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-201-58629=0 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy REVISION:: March 27, 1996; Changed ID format to include ISBN, moved URL to NOTES field from OTHER_ACCESS field, also updated ABSTRACT REVISION:: March 29, 1996; Updated ID, PAGES, COPYRIGHT, and ABSTRACT TITLE:: Practical Internetworking With TCP/IP and UNIX AUTHOR:: Carl-Mitchell, Smoot AUTHOR:: Quarterman, John S. CONTACT:: Addison Wesley Publishing Company Computer Science & Engineering Division One Jacob Way Reading, MA 01867 USA Orders: voice://800-822-6339 (USA) fax://617-942-1117 DATE:: 1993 PAGES:: 476 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1993 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See URL:http://heg-school.aw.com/cseng/authors/mitchell/ practical/practical.html ABSTRACT:: Devotes 50 pages (most of chapter 8) to discussion of sendmail. As far as TCP/IP networking books go that also happen to discuss sendmail, it seems well-written and clear (better than I recall Hunt's book being), but rather dated in the face of books devoted to the topic and all the recent development activity in the sendmail community. Forget about the references, though. The newest sendmail-related reference listed is dated 1983, ten years before the date on this book and most certainly wildly out-of-date now. There are other books written on the subject of Internetworking with TCP/IP (most notably Comer), but this particular book seems to have a unique mix of theory (if perhaps a bit dated) and practical advice. Other books tend to have lots of one or the other, or split their theory and nitty-gritty details into separate books in a series (like Comer). Assuming that an update will be coming out soon, it probably deserves a place on the shelf of most System or Network Administrators, right next to _Internetworking with TCP/IP_ by Comer, _Managing Internet Information Services_ by Liu, et. al., _DNS and BIND_ by Albitz and Liu, _Unix System Administration_ by Nemeth, et. al., and last, but certainly not least, _sendmail_ by Costales. However, it deserves this place more because of the non-sendmail related material, as opposed to what sendmail-related material there is. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-201-58629-0 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-82-X ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy REVISION:: March 27, 1996; Changed ID format to include ISBN, moved URL to NOTES field from OTHER_ACCESS field TITLE:: TCP/IP Network Administration AUTHOR:: Hunt, Craig CONTACT:: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 103 Morris Street, Suite A Sebastapol, CA 95472 Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries) 800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders) 707-829-0515 (local/overseas) DATE:: August, 1992 PAGES:: 502 LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/tcp.html ABSTRACT:: The book I learned sendmail from when there was no other book in print that even mentioned the name. Here primarily for historical purposes, especially with respect to the sending of Internet mail and the DNS. Some of the other TCP/IP networking stuff is relevant, but this book is getting more and more dated as time goes by. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-82-X 6.3 Reference material on subjects related to sendmail BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-010-4 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy REVISION:: January 21, 1997; Updated info re: 2nd Ed. TITLE:: DNS and BIND AUTHOR:: Albitz, Paul AUTHOR:: Liu, Cricket CONTACT:: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 103 Morris Street, Suite A Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries) 800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders) 707-829-0515 (local/overseas) DATE:: October 1992 PAGES:: 418 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1992 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/dns.html ABSTRACT:: As definitive as Costales is on sendmail, this book is on the subject of the Domain Name System (DNS) and the most common server software for the DNS, namely BIND. It hasn't been updated yet to reflect the massive changes that happened with BIND 4.9.3 (and the recent flurry of related activity in the DNS community), but even as old as it is, it still stands the test of time as the one book *every* DNS/Domain Administrator should have on their shelf. Since the sending of Internet mail is so very heavily dependant on the DNS, it obviously also belongs on the shelf of any Postmaster or System Administrator whose site does Internet email. And that means virtually every administrator of every site on the Internet. This book has recently been updated with a second edition, ISBN 1-56592-236-0 and 438 pages. It includes updated discussion of BIND 4.9.4, as well as many other topics. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-010-4 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-93-5 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy REVISION:: March 27, 1996; Changed ID format to include ISBN, moved URL to NOTES field from OTHER_ACCESS field TITLE:: Managing UUCP and Usenet AUTHOR:: Todino, Grace AUTHOR:: O'Reilly, Tim CONTACT:: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 103 Morris Street, Suite A Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries) 800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders) 707-829-0515 (local/overseas) DATE:: January 1992 PAGES:: 368 LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/muucp.html ABSTRACT:: The definitive book for installing and managing UUCP. The general assumption with version 8 sendmail is that virtually no one uses UUCP to send email anymore, but if that assumption isn't true for you, then you probably need this book. END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-93-5 6.4 World-wide web index/resource pages on sendmail BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/10 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online sendmail index REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: comp.mail.sendmail FAQ Support Page AUTHOR:: Knowles, Brad CONTACT:: Brad Knowles OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.his.com/~brad/sendmail/ LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Support Page for this FAQ. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/10 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/17 ENTRY:: March 25, 1996 TYPE:: Online sendmail index REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: comp.mail.sendmail Most Frequently Asked Questions Support Page AUTHOR:: Assman, Claus CONTACT:: Claus Assmann OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.informatik.uni-kiel.de/~ca/email/english.html LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Most Frequently Asked Questions on comp.mail.sendmail and their answers. Also has some links to a few other resources. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/17 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/11 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online sendmail index REVISION:: May 23, 1996; Updated abstract. TITLE:: Henry's sendmail Page! AUTHOR:: Farkas, Henry CONTACT:: Henry Farkas OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://newstand.ims.advantis.com/henry/sendmail.html LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Has collected a few direct pointers to a few places, although I prefer to either have pointers to well-known index sites and let them do the hard work for me or do myself the work of making my site one of those well-known indexes. Still, worth taking a look at. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/11 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/resources/22 ENTRY:: November 24, 1996 TITLE:: IICONS Sendmail Resources AUTHOR:: Caloca, Paul CONTACT:: Paul Caloca COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1996 Paul Caloca. All Rights Reserved. OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.iicons.com/sendmail/index.html LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Provides information on how to compile Sendmail and the NEWDB db.1.85 for Solaris 2. Also has a section on which Sun patches update Solaris 2 to BIND 4.9.3. Has pointers to some non-Sun/Solaris sendmail resources, especially including CERT Advisories related to sendmail. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/22 6.5 World-wide web index pages and other reference on Internet email in general BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/12 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online general Internet email index REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: Internet Mail Consortium web site CORP-AUTHOR:: Internet Mail Consortium CONTACT:: OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.imc.org/ LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: If it has to do with Internet email, you'll probably find it here or a link to it from here. They have or have information on email-related Usenet FAQs, RFCs, Internet Drafts (documents that are in the process of becoming RFCs), IETF Working Groups, security standards, and are running a few email-related mailing lists. Tends to be focussed on the standards issues. If you care about Internet email, you should make it your duty in life to check this site frequently. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/12 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/13 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online general Internet email index REVISION:: August 20, 1996; Updated URL. TITLE:: Email References AUTHOR:: Wohler, Bill CONTACT:: Bill Wohler OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.worldtalk.com/html/msg_resources/email_ref.html LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: The most exhaustive index site I know of for Internet email related documents outside of the Internet Mail Consortium. Also has pointers to other organizations that relate to Internet email, such as the Electronic Messaging Association and the European Electronic Messaging Association. Tends to be focussed on the server and standards issues. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/13 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/14 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online general Internet email index REVISION:: June 28, 1996; Added acronym for SMTPRD TITLE:: SMTP Resources Directory (SMTPRD) AUTHOR:: Salamon, Andras AUTHOR:: Knowles, Brad CONTACT:: Andras Salamon OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.dns.net/smtprd/ LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Another good index site, but still very much in the early phases of gestation. Based very heavily on the DNS Resources Directory, also by Andras Salamon, at . A well-rounded site, for the amount of material it covers so far. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/14 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/15 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online general Internet email index REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: E-Mail Web Resources AUTHOR:: Wall, Matt CONTACT:: Matt Wall OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/cyrus/email/email.html LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Another good index site, tends to be more focussed on client side and LAN email packages. Also lists some email services, which no one else that I've seen appears to have taken the time to catalog. Excellent side-by-side feature comparison of various MUAs and their compliance with various Internet protocols. END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/15 6.6 Online tutorials for sendmail BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/9 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online sendmail tutorial REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: Sendmail V8: A (Smoother) Engine Powers Network Email AUTHOR:: Reich, Richard CONTACT:: Richard Reich DATE:: February 8, 1996 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1995 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.unixworld.com/unixworld/archives/95/tutorial/ 008/008.txt.html LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: UnixWorld Online: Tutorial: Article No. 008 ABSTRACT:: Good technical introduction. Some useful references. Notably does not reference this FAQ as a place to get more information. END:: sendmail-faq//online/article/9 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/16 ENTRY:: March 23, 1996 TYPE:: Online sendmail tutorial REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: Sendmail -- Care and Feeding AUTHOR:: Quinton, Reg CONTACT:: Reg Quinton Computing and Communications Services The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada DATE:: March 24, 1992 OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:ftp://ftp.sterling.com/mail/sendmail/uwo-course/ sendmail.txt.Z LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: Postscript version also available. See ftp://ftp.sterling.com/ mail/sendmail/uwo-course/sendmail.ps.Z ABSTRACT:: Dated. Only here until I find better. END:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/16 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/21 ENTRY:: March 27, 1996 TYPE:: Online sendmail tutorial TITLE:: Explosion in a Punctuation Factory AUTHOR:: Bryan Costales CONTACT:: Becca Thomas DATE:: January 1994 COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1995 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.unixworld.com/unixworld/archives/94/tutorial/ 01/01.txt.html LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: Good introduction on how sendmail re-write rules work. END:: sendmail-faq//online/article/21 6.7 Online archives of mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups, relating to Internet email BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/18 ENTRY:: March 25, 1996 TYPE:: Online Usenet newgroup archive REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: DejaNews OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.dejanews.com LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: Archives/indexes only Usenet news. ABSTRACT:: The first, and still most focussed, Usenet news archive/index site. Others archive/index news as well as other things, but none that I've seen do it better. Go to "Power Search" then "Query Filter" if you wish to restrict the newsgroups you search on to something like just comp.mail.sendmail and not all newsgroups. END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/18 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/19 ENTRY:: March 25, 1996 TYPE:: Online Usenet newgroup archive REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to OTHER_ACCESS field. TITLE:: AltaVista OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.altavista.digital.com LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: Archives/indexes Usenet news and World-wide web pages. ABSTRACT:: One of the leading indexes of world-wide web pages, and their archive/index of Usenet news is obviously secondary. END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/19 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/20 ENTRY:: March 25, 1996 TYPE:: Online Usenet newgroup archive REVISION:: July 9, 1996; Additional information based on experience TITLE:: InReference OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.reference.com LANGUAGE:: English NOTES:: Not officially online yet, in final stages of beta ABSTRACT:: Has promise to be the best Usenet news/publicly accessible mailing list index/archive site in the world. We'll see how well it delivers on this promise. It's in the final stages of beta testing (and is now open to the public), and seems quite solid. I haven't yet figured out how to really make proper use of the underlying power I'm sure is there, but it looks good. Of course, you'll need to wait a little while as they backfill their archives before searches will turn up all that much information, but it already compares favourably to DejaNews. Some of the best minds I know of are working on this project, so if it can be done, I figure they can do it. END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/20 BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1 ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/21 ENTRY:: May 24, 1996 TYPE:: Online archive of spam/junkmail TITLE:: list-managers spam discussion archives AUTHOR:: Gilman, Al CONTACT:: Al Gilman OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.access.digex.net/~asgilman/spam/ OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:ftp://www.access.digex.net/~asgilman/spam/ LANGUAGE:: English ABSTRACT:: These collections of past mail from the list-managers discussion list can be retrieved by ftp or HTTP. For anonymous ftp, open ftp.digex.net and cd to /pub/access/asgilman/spam. For http, G)o to http://www.access.digex.net/~asgilman/spam/ In this directory you will find, _inter alia_, two files which are mail folders: spam -- collects examples of spams spam-NOT -- collects discussion of spam countermeasures END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/21 ------------------------------ Date: July 9, 1996 Subject: Q7 -- THANKS! Special thanks to: Eric Allman The core of the material here comes from his FAQ for version 8.6.9 sendmail. I couldn't even have gotten started were it not for him. And if he hadn't written sendmail, there obviously wouldn't even be a FAQ. Heck, there might not even be an Internet. Paul Southworth Provides FAQ posting services, useful comments on various sections, and the mailclient-faq. I couldn't have kept doing this were it not for his help. Ed Ravin Virtually all the material regarding the use of sendmail on AIX is his, and most of it has been carried over verbatim. Thanks also to: Neil Hoggarth, Andras Salamon, Johan Svensson, Christopher X. Candreva, Bill Wohler, Matthew Wall, Henry W. Farkas, Claus Assmann, Curt Sampson, Rebecca Lasher, Jim Davis, David Keegel, Betty Lee, Alain Durand, Walter Schweizer, Christophe Wolfhugel, Al Gilman, Valdis Kletnieks, John Gardiner Myers, Paul DuBois, Adam Bentley, Dave Sill, Dave Wreski, Paul Caloca, Eamonn Coleman, Michael Fuhr, Betty Lee, Derrell Lipman, and the readers and posters of comp.mail.sendmail. ------------------------------ Comments/updates should be sent to . Copyright 1996, by Brad Knowles, all rights reserved End of comp.mail.sendmail Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), part 2 of 2 ***********************************************************************